⑴ 孔子 英语简介不超过50个单词
Confucius (551 B.C—479 B.C.) is one of the most famous Chinese people. As the founder of Confucianism1, his thought has exerted a deep influence on China and its people. But Confucius was not his real name. It was a courtesy title, a Latinized form of “Kong Fuzi”, meaning “Master Kong”. His family name was Kong and his given name, Qiu. And he styled himself Zhongni. He was born at Zouyi, the State of Lu。
⑵ 山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心的人才培养
一 培养目标
1 、本专业培养具有高深哲学理论素养,热爱祖国文化,品德优良,学风严谨,有较强的事业心和献身精神的高级专门人才和实际工作者。
2 、要求博士研究生具有广博、深厚、精透的中国哲学基础知识和专业理论知识,熟练地掌握一门外语,初步掌握第二外语。熟悉国内外本学科的研究状况,了解中国哲学的发展趋势,具有独立分析和创造性思考的能力,能熟练运用中国传统学术方法和现代学术方法,对复杂课题进行独立地创造性研究。
3 、毕业后可在高等院校、学术研究机构、政府机关、新闻出版等单位从事教学、研究、理论宣传和实际工作。
二 研究方向
1. 易学哲学
2. 儒家哲学
3. 道家哲学
4 、先秦儒家哲学
三 学习年限
全日制 博士研究生一般学习年限为三年,最长不得超过五年,在职博士研究生一般为四年,最长不得超过 6 年。 硕、博连续培养研究生的学习年限一般为 5 年,最长不得超过 6 年。
四 应修总学分数
应修总学分: 20 学分 ,其中必修 14 学分,选修 6 学分。
五 课程设置及学分( 具体见课程设置一览表 )
( 1 )必修课 : 7 门 20 学分
1 、学位公共课 3 门 6 学分
2 、学位基础课 1 门 3 学分
3 、学位专业课 2 门 6 学分
4 、前沿讲座 5 学分。
1 、前沿讲座的形式
本专业的前沿讲座主要就本学科发展的前沿问题和热点问题展开讨论,使本学科的博士研究生对当代学术发展的趋势有清楚的了解,以便使他们积极参加本专业的前沿问题或重大课题的研究。前沿讲座主要采取主讲与讨论相结合的方式,以主讲人提出问题,阐明观点,随之进行讨论。博士生参加前沿讲座的次数不得少于 9 次,其中个人主讲不得少于 2 次。
2 、考核方式:
每参加三次前沿讲座计一分,主讲一次计一分。
( 2 )选修课
鼓励选修跨方向或跨专业课程,可选修 1 至 2 门,计入总学分。
第二外国语, 2 学分。博士研究生第一外语为英语的,第二外国语可作为选修课,第一外语为非英语的,则必修第二外国语,一般要修英语。
( 3 ) 补修课:
同等学力、跨专业考入的博士研究生需补修本专业硕士课程 2 门,成绩计入本人档案,不计学分。
六 中期考核
本专业对博士生实行中期考核制度,在第三学期进行。中期考核是对博士生入学一年来思想、课程学习、科研能力、论文准备、健康状态等的综合评估。考核采取笔试与面试相结合的方式,以优、良、合格、不合格四级计分,考核不合格者不得继续攻读博士学位,无硕士学位者,可视情况改写硕士论文。
七 科学研究与学位论文
博士生学位论文是 衡量 博士学术水准和专业学科培 养 博士水平的重要标志。本专业的博士学位论 文要求 博士生站在学术发展的前沿,勇于开拓新领域,以传统与现代学术相结合的研究方法,对中国哲学诸问题展开多层次、全方位的研究。博士论文要求有创新性或较大的学术价值或社会价值。
博士论文要求在导师的指导下,由博士生独立完成。它是一篇系统、完整的研究某一领域或某一专题的学术论文(字数不得少于 10 万字)。为保证论文质量,写作时间不得少于两年,硕博连读者写作时间不得少于三年。
论文开题报告。博士论文的开题报告是博士论文写作的重要环节,直接关系到论文价值与学术水准。要求博士生在广泛调查研究、大量查阅相关资料和熟悉掌握当前学术发展的最新动态的基础上,与导师协商,拟定论文选题,独立完成开题报告。论文开题报告是中期筛选的重要内容,一般与中期筛选同时进行。论文开题报告是博士生向指导小组汇报论文写作计划的重要形式 ,只有在指导小组认可即开题报告通过的前提下,论文写作才能正式开始;如未通过开题报告,应在三个月内修改自己的论文选题,重新开题。
中期进展报告。为保证论文质量,本专业对论文实行中期检查制度,即每隔 3 - 5 个月向导师汇报一次论文进行情况,在第 5 学期末向指导小组全面汇报论文进展情况,指导小组帮助学生解决研究中遇到的难题,提供研究思路,使博士论文写作顺利进行。
论文预答辩等的具体安排及相应的考核办法。在第 6 期开学第一个月进行博士论文预答辩,要求博士生将自己的博士论文向指导小组进行全面陈述,指导小组根据学术水平,以决定是否进行博士学位论文正式答辩。在预答辩中,未通过者可延期答辩。具体答辩程序、时间、方式根据学校学位管理的有关规定进行。
在学位答辩前,博士生必须有一篇以第一作者在全国 A 或 B 类期刊上公开发表的本领域的学术论文以收到校样为准,且署名作者第一单位为山东大学。
八 实践环节
本学科注重博士生实践能力的培养,要求学生进行相应的教学实践或协助导师进行学术研究,或参与到导师的相关课题中。教学活动不得少于 4 课时,协助导师进行学术研究必须有相应的文字材料,且得到导师的认可。
附:需阅读的主要经典著作和专业学术期刊目录
诸子集成 中华书局
十三经注疏 中华书局
道藏 中华书局
宋元学案 中华书局
明儒学案 中华书局
周易集解 李鼎祚
四库全书,经部、子部。
郭店楚墓竹简 文物出版社
上海博物馆馆藏战国楚竹书 上海古籍出版社
中国社会科学 中国社科院中国社会科学杂志社
哲学研究 中国社科院哲学研究所
历史研究 中国社会科科院中国社会科学杂志社
孔子研究 中国孔子基金会
周易研究 中国周易学会
管子学刊 山东理工大学
文史哲 山东大学
齐鲁学刊 曲阜师范大学
以及相关内外学术期刊。
博士研究生课程设置情况表 类别 序号 课程
编号 课程名称 开课学期 总学时数 学分 授课单位
或教师 考核
方式 必修课 1 DP09002 马克思主义与当代社会思潮 1 54 2 马列部 笔试 2 DP15011 第一外语 1 108 3 外教外院 笔试 3 D001002 专业外语 2 36 1 傅有德 笔试 4 D001022 中国哲学导论 1 72 3 颜炳罡、丁原明、王新春等 笔试 5 D001001 前沿讲座 1 - 4 5 考查 选修课
含每方向必修学位专业课两门 1 DP15021 第二外国语(英语) 2 72 2 外国语学院 考试 2 D001023 象数学研究 1 72 3 刘大钧 考试 3 D001024 《周易集解》专题研究 2 72 3 刘大钧 考试 4 D001025 中国易学史 2 72 3 林忠军 考试 5 D001026 宋明易学研究 2 72 3 林忠军 考试 6 D001027 汉代易学研究 2 72 3 刘玉建 考试 7 D001028 清代易学研究 2 72 3 刘玉建 考试 8 D001029 道家哲学专题研究 2 72 3 丁原明 考试 9 D001030 道教哲学专题研究 2 72 3 丁原明 考试 10 D001031 宋明理学专题研究 2 72 3 王新春 考试 11 D001032 理学与易学研究 2 72 3 王新春 考试 12 D001033 儒家简帛文献哲学研究 1 72 3 颜炳罡 考试 13 D001034 现代儒学研究 2 72 3 颜炳罡 考试 14 D001035 中外哲学比较研究 2 72 3 何中华 考试 15 D001036 中外文化比较研究 2 72 3 何中华 考试 16 D001037 东方儒学研究 2 72 3 蔡德贵 考试 17 D001038 儒学与宗教 2 72 3 蔡德贵 考试 18 D001039 儒家原理研究 2 72 3 苗润田 考试 补修课 1 儒家哲学 1 72 颜炳罡 考试 2 道家哲学 2 72 丁原明 考试 博士学位论文创新成果要求
本要求适用于哲学学科申请博士学位研究生。
本学科博士学位论文的创新部分,应有成果体现。具体要求如下:
以论文形式体现的成果应是在学期间以研究生为第一作者、山东大学为第一作者单位在 A 类或 B 类学术刊物上发表至少 1 篇学术论文。发表的论文以公开出版或出版清样为准。
成果的其他体现形式(科研获奖、专利等) …… 。 一 培养目标
本专业培养德智体美全面发展,在中国哲学专业具有坚实基础、系统的专业知识和熟练的专业技能,能够从事中国哲学、中国宗教、中国文化研究和教学的高层次人才,以及宣传、管理、新闻、出版、宗教、对外文化交流等部门的理论与实际工作者。
二 研究方向
1 、 易学哲学
2 、儒家哲学
3 、道家哲学
三 学习年限
全日制硕士研究生在校学习期限为三年,要求前三个学期修满学分,后三个学期主要从事毕业论文的选题、开题、写作和答辩工作。全日制硕士生特别优秀者可提前一年毕业。
四 应修总学分数
应修总学分: 34 学分,其中必修 28 学分,选修 6 学分。
五 课程设置及学分( 具体见课程设置一览表 )
1 必修课
学位公共课: 3 门 8 学分
学位基础课: 4 门 12 学分
学位专业课: 2 门 6 学分。
在学位基础课中,至少在本学科跨专业选修一门。
前沿讲座 2 学分。积极参加中国哲学研究所举办各种学术讲座、讨论班,其中个人系统发言两次计 1 分,参加 5 次学术讲座计 1 分。
2 选修课 2 门 6 学分
为拓宽知识面,本专业鼓励跨学科选修文、史课程 1~2 门,根据该课时,相应计入学分,但不作硬性规定或强制性要求。
3 补修课
跨学科或以同等学力考入的研究生未修过而必须补修的本专业本科生必修课两门,成绩存入本人档案,但不计入学分。
六 中期筛选
依照学校相关规定,本专业硕士生在第四学期的第三周实行中期筛选制度,具体办法按学校的有关规定执行。
七 科学研究与学位论文
硕士研究生从事学位论文写作工作不少于一年,选题、开题报告在第四学期进行,论文题目由学生与导师共同商定,开题报告要求研究生向有关专家报告论文选题的意义,国内外该领域的研究现状,文章写作的基本思路等。由相关专家对其报告集体讨论,提出意见,最终确定论文题。导师负责论文的中期检查。对学位论文的要求是:遵循学术规范;观点正确,有所创见;资料翔实,论据充足;有一定的理论意义和现实意义,字数在 3 万字左右。
八 实践环节
本学科注重硕士研究生实践能力的培养,要求学生进行相应的教学实践或协助导师进行学术研实践或社会实践等等,三者任选其一。但教学不得少于 4 课时,协助导师进行学术研究必须有相应的文字材料,且得到导师的认可,从事社会实践工作不得少于 15 天,应有实践单位的证明材料。
附: 需阅读的主要经典著作和专业学术期刊目录
经典著作:
《周易》、《周易集解纂疏》、《周易折中》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《左传》、《论语》、《孟子》、《墨子》、《老子》、《庄子》、《列子》、《管子》、《荀子》、《韩非子》、《吕氏春秋》、《春秋繁露》、《淮南子》、《论衡》、《人物志》、《王弼集》、《嵇康集》、《庄子注》、《肇论》、《神灭论》、《般若经》、《华严经》、《中论》、《大乘起信论》、《六祖坛经》、《张载集》、《朱子语类》、《陆九渊集》、《王阳明全集》、《宋元学案》、《明儒学案》、《船山遗书》、《四存编》、《魏源集》、《康有为全集》、《严复集》、《章太炎全集》、《孙中山全集》《东西文化及其哲学》、《新唯识论》、《知识论》、《新理学》、《心体与性体》等等。
专业学术期刊:
《中国社会科学》、《哲学研究》、《中国哲学史》、《孔子研究》、《周易研究》、《管子学刊》、《文史哲》、《历史研究》、《齐鲁学刊》、《中国文化研究》、《中华文化论坛》等等。
附:硕士生名单:
乔宗方 王 棋 闫 洁 张克宾 周 谨 胡长芳 高新满 张文波 赖祖龙 李细成 陈之斌
硕士研究生课程设置情况表 类别 序号 课程
编号 课程名称 开课
学期 总学时数 学分 授课单位
或教师 考核方式 必
修
课 1 MP09003 马克思主义理论 1 72 3 马列部 考试 2 M)15001 第一外国语 1-2 180 4 外语学院 考试 3 M001002 专业外语 3 36 1 孙增林、郭鹏 考试 4 M001089 儒家哲学 1 72 3 颜炳罡、苗润田 考试 5 M001090 道家哲学 1 72 3 丁原明、沈顺福 考试 6 M001091 易学哲学 1 72 3 王新春 林忠军 考试 7 跨专业必修一级学科课一门 ( 与导师商定 ) 1 72 3 马哲或西哲 考试 8 M001001 前沿讲座 1-4 2 选
修
课
其中含每方向必修学位专业课两门 1 M001092 周易与中国文化 2 72 3 林忠军、李尚信 考试 2 M001093 易学原著导读 2 72 3 刘大钧、刘玉建 考试 3 M001094 易学史专题研究 2 72 3 刘玉建、刘保贞 考试 4 M001095 周易经传研究 1 72 3 李尚信、 考试 5 M001096 周易文献学 3 72 3 刘保贞、 考试 6 M001097 道家原著选读 2 72 3 丁原明 考试 7 M001098 魏晋玄学 3 72 3 丁原明 考试 8 M001099 佛教哲学 2 72 3 沈顺福 考试 9 M001100 儒释道关系研究 3 72 3 沈顺福 考试 10 M001101 宋明理学专题 2 72 3 王新春 考试 11 M001102 宋明儒学原著导读 3 72 3 王新春 考试 12 M001103 稷下学研究 2 72 3 苗润田 考试 13 M001104 儒家伦理研究 3 72 3 苗润田 考试 14 M001105 儒家文化与当代社会 3 72 3 颜炳罡、 考试 15 M001106 先秦儒家原著选读 2 72 3 颜炳罡 考试 补
修
课 1 西方哲学史 1-3 72 哲学系 考试 2 中国哲学原著选读 1-3 72 哲学系 考试
⑶ 英语书面表达 孔子学院(Confucius Institute)
Confucius InstituteConfucius Institute is a nonprofit cultural institution which spreads Chinese and propagate Chinese culture. It is in order to provide the people learning Chinese all over the world with normed and authoritative modern Chinese courses and the most regular and the most important channel of Chinese teaching. Its aim is promoting exchange and fusion between Chinese and world's culture, for building a balance world that be peace forever and bloom together. There has been 268 Confucius Institutes and 71 Confucius Schoolrooms built in the world by August,2009. And there will be 500 Confucius Institute and Confucius Schoolrooms built in the world in 2010.
⑷ 孔子的英语资料
One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (circa 551-479 BC). He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi though he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu.
This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thoughts that talk about the human's behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government.
In other words, it's about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral ( sort of like the morals that are at the end of a fable). Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully.
Confucius was born in a poor family in the year 551 B.C., and he was born in the state of Lu. His original name was K'ung Ch'iu. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine ecation. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters.
He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.
⑸ 哪位可以提供有关Confucius孔子的英文资料
Confucius
Confucius, in Chinese Kongfuzi or K'ung Fu-tzu (551?-479? bc), Chinese philosopher, one of the most influential figures in Chinese history. See also Confucianism.
According to tradition, Confucius was born in the state of Lu (present-day Shandong [Shantung] Province) of the noble Kong clan. His original name was Kong Qiu (K’ong Ch’iu). His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty; but Confucius nevertheless received a fine ecation. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. During the four years immediately after his marriage, poverty compelled him to perform menial labors for the chief of the district in which he lived. His mother died in 527 bc, and after a period of mourning he began his career as a teacher, usually traveling about and instructing the small body of disciples that had gathered around him. His fame as a man of learning and character and his reverence for Chinese ideals and customs soon spread through the principality of Lu.
Living as he did in the second half of the Zhou dynasty (Chou dynasty; 1045?-256 bc), when feudalism degenerated in China and intrigue and vice were rampant, Confucius deplored the contemporary disorder and lack of moral standards. He came to believe that the only remedy was to convert people once more to the principles and precepts of the sages of antiquity. He therefore lectured to his pupils on the ancient classics. He taught the great value of the power of example. Rulers, he said, can be great only if they themselves lead exemplary lives, and were they willing to be guided by moral principles, their states would inevitably become prosperous and happy.
Confucius had, however, no opportunity to put his theories to a public test until, at the age of 50, he was appointed magistrate of Zhong (Chung-tu), and the next year minister of crime of the state of Lu. His administration was successful; reforms were introced, justice was fairly dispensed, and crime was almost eliminated. So powerful did Lu become that the ruler of a neighboring state maneuvered to secure the minister's dismissal. Confucius left his office in 496 bc, traveling about and teaching, vainly hoping that some other prince would allow him to undertake measures of reform. In 484 bc, after a fruitless search for an ideal ruler, he returned for the last time to Lu. He spent the remaining years of his life in retirement, writing commentaries on the classics. He died in Lu and was buried in a tomb at Qufu (Ch'ü-fu), Shandong.
Confucius did not put into writing the principles of his philosophy; these were handed down only through his disciples. The Lunyu (Analects), a work compiled by some of his disciples, is considered the most reliable source of information about his life and teachings. One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited, the Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals), is an account of Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 to 481 bc. In learning he wished to be known as a transmitter rather than as a creator, and he therefore revived the study of the ancient books. His own teachings, together with those of his main disciples, are found in the SiShu (Ssu Shu; Four Books) of Confucian literature, which became the textbooks of later Chinese generations. Confucius was greatly venerated ring his lifetime and in succeeding ages. Although he himself had little belief in the supernatural, he has been revered almost as a spiritual being by millions.
The entire teaching of Confucius was practical and ethical, rather than religious. He claimed to be a restorer of ancient morality and held that proper outward acts based on the five virtues of kindness, uprightness, decorum, wisdom, and faithfulness constitute the whole of human ty. Reverence for parents, living and dead, was one of his key concepts. His view of government was paternalistic, and he enjoined all indivials to observe carefully their ties toward the state. In subsequent centuries his teachings exerted a powerful influence on the Chinese nation.
⑹ 英语翻译 翻译 孔子时期
孔子不能代表一个时代,故这里的翻译应该是孔子所处的那个时代,用period也不太合适,而应该用age,time 或era.
比较通俗点的译法:
time(age) of Confucius/Konfuzius
⑺ Confucius孔子的英文简介
英文简介:
Confucius (28 September 551-11 April 479), Zi surname, Confucius, Mingqiu, Zhongni, descendants honor Confucius or Confucius. Born in Piyi, Lu State, with a Song ancestor, ecator and philosopher of Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, he served as an important official post in Lu State. For the founder of Confucianism.
Confucius'Five Elements of Virtue (Benevolence, Righteousness, Righteousness, Wisdom and Credit) has a far-reaching impact on neighboring areas, such as Korea Peninsula, Ryukyu, Japan, Vietnam and Southeast Asia, which are also known as Confucian cultural circles.
Confucius will talk about "benevolence" for different disciples and different opportunities, and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Generally speaking, Confucius'benevolence is just the word "loyalty and forgiveness" as Zeng Zi said.
中文翻译;
孔丘(前551年9月28日-前479年4月11日),子姓,孔氏,名丘,字仲尼,后代敬称孔子或孔夫子。生于鲁国陬邑,祖先为宋国人,东周春秋末期鲁国的教育家与哲学家,曾在鲁国担任官府要职。为儒家的创始人。
而孔子儒家的德性论五行思想(仁义礼智信)对邻近地区,如:朝鲜半岛、琉球、日本、越南、东南亚等地区有着深远的影响,这些地区也被称为儒家文化圈。
孔子会针对不同的弟子与不同的时机来讲述“仁”,因材施教。大致来说,孔子的“仁”就是曾子所说的“忠恕”二字而已。
(7)中国孔子基金会英语扩展阅读:
人物评价:
1、中国现代大儒家梁漱溟早在1934年就说:“孔子学说的价值,最后必有一天一定为人类所发现,为人类所公认,再重光于世界”。
2、二十世纪70年代英国的历史哲学家汤恩比博士说“能够帮助解决二十一世纪的世界问题,唯有中国孔孟的学说。”
3、1988年75位诺贝尔奖得主在巴黎发表联合宣言说“人类在二十一世纪还要生存下去的话,就必须回到2500年前去,吸取孔子的智慧。”
4、美国诗人、哲学家、思想家、一代宗师爱默生(1803年5月---1882年4月)认为:“孔子是哲学上的华盛顿”,“孔子是全世界各民族的光荣”,并表示“对于这位东方圣人极为景仰!”
⑻ 求孔子的简介(英语版)
孔子的简介英文版:
Confucius, the surname of Zi, the surname of Kong, the name of Qiu, the name of Zhongni, was born in Zuoyi, the late spring and Autumn Period in Lu state, and the ancestral home of Liyi, the state of song.
He was an ancient Chinese thinker, ecator and founder of Confucianism. Confucius initiated the style of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and trust.
There are three thousand disciples, including seventy-two sages. He once led some of his disciples Zhou to travel around the world for 13 years. In his later years, he revised the six classics of "poetry", "book", "Li", "music", "Yi", "spring and Autumn".
Confucius was one of the most erudite people in the society at that time. After his death, his disciples and retransmission disciples recorded the words, deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled them into Analects of Confucius.
The book is regarded as a Confucian classic [1] when Confucius was alive, he was revered as the holy man of the heaven, the wooden priest of the heaven, and also as the sage of Confucius, the most holy, the most holy, the most holy,.
the most holy, the most holy, the king of literature and propaganda, and the teacher of the world. His thought has a profound influence on China and the world, and he is listed as the top ten cultural celebrities in the world.
中文释义:
孔子,子姓,孔氏,名丘,字仲尼,春秋末期鲁国陬邑人,祖籍宋国栗邑,是中国古代思想家、教育家,儒家学派创始人。
孔子开创了私人讲学之风,倡导仁义礼智信。有弟子三千,其中贤人七十二。他曾带领部分弟子周游列国十三年,晚年修订《诗》《书》《礼》《乐》《易》《春秋》六经。
孔子是当时社会上最博学者之一,去世后,其弟子及再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来,整理编成《论语》。
该书被奉为儒家经典。孔子在世时就被尊奉为天纵之圣、天之木铎,更被后世统治者尊为孔圣人、至圣、至圣先师、大成至圣文宣王先师、万世师表。其思想对中国和世界都有深远的影响,其人被列为世界十大文化名人之首。
(8)中国孔子基金会英语扩展阅读:
孔子的最高政治理想是建立天下为公的大同社会。大同社会的基本特点是大道畅行,天下为公,因而能选贤与能,讲信修睦,人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,矜寡孤独废疾者皆有所养。
在大同的世界里,天下的人,不止以自己的家人为亲,不止以自己的父母儿女为爱,而是相互敬爱,爱天下所有的人。
使老有所终,壮有所用,孩子们都能获得温暖与关怀,孤独的人与残疾者都有所依靠,男人各自有自己的事情,女人有满意的归宿。
阴谋欺诈不兴,盗窃祸乱不起,路不拾遗,夜不闭户,人人讲信修睦,选贤举能。这是一幅理想化的传说中的尧舜时代的原始社会景象,也是孔子憧憬的最高理想社会。