在保險投資組合管理的過程中

① 投資組合管理的步驟

投資組合的構建過程是由下述步驟組成：
首先，需要界定適合於選擇的證券范圍。對於大多數計劃投資者其注意的焦點集中在普通股票、債券和貨幣市場工具這些主要資產類型上。這些投資者已經把諸如國際股票、非美元債券也列入了備選的資產類型，使得投資具有全球性質。有些投資者把房地產和風險資本也吸納進去，進一步拓寬投資的范圍。雖然資產類型的數目仍是有限的，但每一資產類型中的證券數目可能是相當巨大的。
其次，投資者還需要求出各個證券和資產類型的潛在回報率的期望值及其承擔的風險。此外，更重要的是要對這種估計予以明確地說明，以便比較眾多的證券以及資產類型之間哪些更具吸引力。進行投資所形成投資組合的價值很大程度上取決於這些所選證券的質量。
構建過程的第三階段，即實際的最優化，必須包括各種證券的選擇和投資組合內各證券權重的確定。在把各種證券集合到一起形成所要求的組合的過程中，不僅有必要考慮每一證券的風險－回報率特性，而且還要估計到這些證券隨著時間的推移可能產生的相互作用。馬考維茨模型用客觀和修煉的方式為確定最優投資組合提供了概念性框架和分析方法。

② 投資組合管理的構成

投資組合管理由以下三類主要活動構成：
（1）資產配置
（2）在主要資產類型間調整權重
（3）在各資產類型內選擇證券。
資產配置的特徵是把各種主要資產類型混合在一起，以便在風險最低的條件下，使投資獲得最高的長期回報。投資組合管理者以長期投資目標為出發點，為提高回報率時常審時度勢改變各主要資產類別的權重。例如，若一個經理判斷在未來年份內權益的總體狀況要比債券的總體狀況對投資者更加有利的話，則極可能要求把投資組合的權重由債券向權益轉移，而且，在同一資產類型中選擇那些回報率高於平均回報率的證券，經理便能改善投資組合回報的前景。
投資組合的構建就是選擇納入投資組合的證券並確定其適當的權重，即各證券所佔該投資組合的比例。馬考維茨（Markowitz）模型表明，構建投資組合的合理目標應是在給定的風險水平下形成一個具有最高回報率的投資組合。具有這種特徵的投資組合叫做有效的投資組合，它已經被廣泛地接受為最優投資組合構建的典範。
此外，馬考維茨模型還為構建能實現最有效這一目標的投資組合提供了一種明確的和修煉的過程（這種過程被稱為最優化），這種最優化過程已經被廣泛地應用於大型計劃的投資者確定投資組合中各主要資產類型的最佳組合的活動中。這種過程通常被稱做資產配置（assetallocation），因為實際中可考慮的主要資產類型是有限的，所以它是可操作的。當考慮的證券總體數目超過某一限制時，馬考維茨最優化過程是難以實踐的，因此就需要採用將在下兩章討論的其他替代方法。
由於馬考維茨模型提出了有效投資組合構建中的基本概念，也為投資組合分析的其他方面奠定了基礎。其中將涉及有效的投資組合和多樣化的概念，這些概念是構建投資組合的基礎。

③ 投資組合管理是什麼

投資組合管理是指投資管理人按照資產選擇理論與投資組合理論對資產進行多元化管理，以實現分散風險、提高效率的投資目的。

④ ACCA,CISA,FSA,CFA,CFP,PMP誰幫忙用英文解釋下這幾個金融資格職業證書,(不要解釋是什麼的縮寫)

CISA is an audit professional certification sponsored by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). Candidates for the certification must meet requirements set by ISACA。
The CISA certification was established in 1978[1] for several reasons:

Develop and maintain a tool that could be used to evaluate an indivials' competency in concting information system audits.
Provide a motivational tool for information systems auditors to maintain their skills, and monitor the success of the maintenance programs.

Provide criteria to help aid management in the selection of personnel and development.

The first CISA examination was administered in 1981, and registration numbers have grown each year. Over 60,000[1] candidates have earned the CISA designation.

The CISA certification has been recognised with ANSI accreditation, along with the CISM certification- both of these certifications are managed by ISACA. It is one of the few certifications formally approved by the US Department of Defense in their Information Assurance Technical category (DoD 8570.01-M).

Requirements
Candidates for a CISA certification must pass the examination, agree to adhere to ISACA's Code of Professional Ethics, submit evidence of a minimum of five years of professional IS auditing, control, or security work, and abide by a program of continuing professional ecation.

Substitutions and waivers of such experience may be obtained as follows:[2]

A maximum of one year of information systems experience OR one year of financial or operational auditing experience can be substituted for one year of information systems auditing, control, or security experience.
60 to 120 completed college semester credit hours (the equivalent of an Associate or Bachelor degree) can be substituted for one or two years, respectively, of information systems auditing, control or security experience.
Two years as a full-time university instructor in a related field (e.g., computer science, accounting, information systems auditing) can be substituted for one year of information systems auditing, control or security experience.

[edit] Examination
The exam consists of 200 multiple-choice questions that must be answered within 4 hours. The exam is split between 6 Content Areas as of 2006:

IS Audit Process - 10% of Exam
IT Governance - 15% of Exam
Systems and Infrastructure Lifecycle Management - 16% of Exam
IT Service Delivery and Support - 14% of Exam
Protection of Information Assets - 31% of Exam
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery - 14% of Exam
The exam is now offered in 11 languages at more than 200 locations worldwide in June and December.
The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is a British chartered accountancy body with a global presence that offers the Chartered Certified Accountant (Designatory letters ACCA or FCCA) qualification worldwide. It is one of the world's largest and fastest-growing accountancy bodies with 122,426 members and 325,606 affiliates and students in 170 countries. The Institute's headquarters are in London with the principal administrative office being based in Glasgow. In addition the ACCA has a network of nearly 80 staffed offices and other centres around the world.

The ACCA is a founding member body of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies (CCAB) and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).

The term 'Chartered' in ACCA qualification refers to the Royal Charter granted in 1974 by Her Majesty the Queen in the United Kingdom.

Since Chartered Certified Accountant is a legally protected term, indivials who describe themselves as Chartered Certified Accountants must be members of ACCA and, if they carry out public practice engagements, must comply with additional regulations such as holding a practising certificate, being insured against any possible liability claims and submitting to inspections.

The Association of Authorised Public Accountants (AAPA), one of the British professional bodies for public accountants, has been a subsidiary of ACCA since 1996.

FSA is an independent non-governmental body, quasi-judicial body and a company limited by guarantee that regulates the financial services instry in the United Kingdom.
The Financial Services and Markets Act imposed four statutory objectives upon the FSA:
market confidence: maintaining confidence in the financial system
public awareness: promoting public understanding of the financial system;
consumer protection: securing the appropriate degree of protection for consumers; and
rection of financial crime: recing the extent to which it is possible for a business carried on by a regulated person to be used for a purpose connected with financial crime

[edit] Regulatory principles
The statutory objectives are supported by a set of principles of good regulation which the FSA must have regard to when discharging its functions. These are:

efficiency and economy: the need to use its resources in the most efficient and economic way.
role of management: a firm』s senior management is responsible for its activities and for ensuring that its business complies with regulatory requirements. This principle is designed to guard against unnecessary intrusion by the FSA into firms』 business and requires it to hold senior management responsible for risk management and controls within firms. Accordingly, firms must take reasonable care to make it clear who has what responsibility and to ensure that the affairs of the firm can be adequately monitored and controlled.
proportionality: The restrictions the FSA imposes on the instry must be proportionate to the benefits that are expected to result from those restrictions. In making judgements in this area, the FSA takes into account the costs to firms and consumers. One of the main techniques they use is cost benefit analysis of proposed regulatory requirements. This approach is shown, in particular, in the different regulatory requirements applied to wholesale and retail markets.
innovation: The desirability of facilitating innovation in connection with regulated activities. For example, allowing scope for different means of compliance so as not to unly restrict market participants from launching new financial procts and services.
international character: Including the desirability of maintaining the competitive position of the UK. The FSA takes into account the international aspects of much financial business and the competitive position of the UK. This involves co-operating with overseas regulators, both to agree international standards and to monitor global firms and markets effectively.
competition: The need to minimise the adverse effects on competition that may arise from the FSA's activities and the desirability of facilitating competition between the firms it regulates. This covers avoiding unnecessary regulatory barriers to entry or business expansion. Competition and innovation considerations play a key role in the FSA's cost-benefit analysis work. Under the Financial Services and Markets Act, the Treasury, the Office of Fair Trading and the Competition Commission all have a role to play in reviewing the impact of the FSA's rules and practices on competition.

[edit] Accountability and management
The FSA is accountable to Treasury Ministers, and through them to Parliament. It is operationally independent of Government and is funded entirely by the firms it regulates through fines, fees and compulsory levies. Its Board consists of a Chairman, a Chief Executive Officer, a Chief Operating Officer, two Managing Directors, and 11 non-executive directors (including a lead non-executive member, the Deputy Chairman) selected by, and subject to removal by, HM Treasury. Among these, the Deputy Governor for Financial Stability of the Bank of England is an ex officio Board member. This Board decides on overall policy with day-to-day decisions and management of the staff being the responsibility of the Executive. This is divided into three sections each headed by a Managing director and having responsibility for one of the following sectors: retail markets, wholesale and institutional markets, and regulatory services.

Its regulatory decisions can be appealed to the Financial Services and Markets Tribunal.

HM Treasury decides upon the scope of activities that should be regulated, but it is for the FSA to decide what shape the regulatory regime should take in relation to any particular activities.

The FSA is also provided with advice on the interests and concerns of consumers by the Financial Services Consumer Panel [2]. This panel describes itself as "An Independent Voice for Consumers of Financial Services". Members of the panel are appointed and can be dismissed by the FSA and emails to them are directed to FSA staff. The Financial Services Consumer Panel will not address indivial consumer complaints.

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) is an international professional designation offered by the CFA Institute of USA (formerly known as AIMR) to financial analysts who complete a series of three examinations. Candidates must have a bachelor's degree (or equivalent), be in the final year of their bachelor's degree program, or have at least four years of qualified, professional work experience in order to take the exams. In order to become a "CFA Charterholder" candidates must pass all three exams, agree to comply with the code of ethics, pay member es, and have four years of work experience deemed acceptable by the CFA Institute. CFA charterholders are also obligated to adhere to a strict Code of Ethics and Standards governing their professional conct

The Certified Financial Planner (CFP) designation is a certification mark for financial planners conferred by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards in the United States, Financial Planners Standards Council in Canada and 18 other organizations affiliated with Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB), the international owner of the CFP mark outside of the United States. To receive authorization to use the designation, the candidate must meet ecation, examination, experience and ethics requirements, and pay an ongoing certification fee.[1]. The information contained herein relates specifically to CFP certification in the United States. For information on CFP certification outside of the United States, please see the FPSB website at http://www.fpsb.org/CMS/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=84&Itemid=110 for a list of affiliate member organizations and their respective websites.
The CFP Certification Examination is a 10-hour multiple choice exam, divided into one four-hour session (Friday afternoon) and two three-hour sessions (Saturday). The exam includes three major case problems and is designed to assess the student's ability to apply his or her knowledge of the aforementioned areas to financial planning situations. The exam was set as a requirement in 1993 and at that time CFPs were grandfathered without having to pass this exam. [5]

Indivials holding professional designations pre-approved by the CFP Board (like PhDs in business and economics, attorneys, Certified Public Accountants (CPA), Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), Chartered Accountants (CA), Chartered Wealth Managers (AAFM) ), and Chartered Financial Analysts (CFA) are entitled to register for and take the exam without having to complete the ecation requirements by using the CFP-board's challenge status.

Project Management Professional is properly expressed as the credential PMP. The credentialing agency is the Project Management Institute ([1] PMI). This credential is obtained by gaining a certification in project management through the completion of PMI certified training and examination. PMP training and examination material comes from the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK published most recently in 2007. Most exam questions reference PMI's project quality standards documented in the PMBOK. The PMP credential undergoes rigorous validation by ISO, and the PMBOK methodology is widely regarded as the instry standard for Project Management and has been adopted as the single standard for project management by agencies such as NASA.

PMP (Project Management Professional) is one of four concentrations offered by PMI in the study of Project Management:
1. CAPM Certified Associate in Project Management: This certification is obtained after passing the CAPM Exam
2. PMP Project Management Professional: This certification is obtained after passing the PMP Exam
3. PgMP Program Management Professional: This certification is obtained after passing the PgMP Exam
4. PMI RMP PMI Risk Management Professional: This certification is obtained after passing the PMI-RMP Exam

⑤ 怎樣進行基金資產投資組合管理

做好資產投資組合，一般需要考慮兩點：
第一是個人或者家庭的風險偏好，不同的風險偏好，決定了你適合投資不同的資產。
第二是理財目標，理財目標有長有短，投資的金額也不一樣，投資的資產也不一樣。
至於怎麼做，如果自己有興趣的話，可以多學習；如果不想學習，也可以找個理財師幫助你。

⑥ 證券投資組合理論的基本內容是什麼

證券組合收益率、證券組合風險、雙證券組合風險、系統性風險。
投資組合理論有狹義和廣義之分。狹義的投資組合理論指的是馬柯維茨投資組合理論；而廣義的投資組合理論除了經典的投資組合理論以及該理論的各種替代投資組合理論外，還包括由資本資產定價模型和證券市場有效理論構成的資本市場理論。同時,由於傳統的EMH不能解釋市場異常現象，在投資組合理論又受到行為金融理論的挑戰。

⑦ 投資組合管理的要求

管理投資組合是一個持續的過程，同時涵蓋了對靜態資產和動態資產（比如項目等）的管理。在實際運行過程中，管理投資組合真正的難點在於它需要時刻保持高度的商業敏感，不斷地進行分析和檢討，考察不斷出現的新生機會、現有資產的表現以及企業為了利用現有機遇而進行的資源配置活動等等。
在瞬息萬變的現實環境中，那些影響投資組合的資產和項目的價值往往都處在一個隨時變化波動的狀態之下，造成這種波動的原因可能是來自外部的影響因素：包括市場地位變化或者公司本身競爭地位的變化；同樣，這種波動也可能是歸因於內部的某些力量（比如：公司戰略、產品組合、分銷渠道的調整或者諸如成本和質量等競爭基礎發生變化）。 投資組合的組件必須多樣化而且要被控制在企業能夠承受的風險范圍之內。投資組合組件可以按照產出或者風險劃分為幾個等級。風險因素需要和達到預期收益的可能性、穩定性、技術風險等結合起來考慮。組件的風險等級決定了對其管理的緊密程度——包括審查的頻繁程度以及資本更新的模式。
現有資產的投資組合需要從上文提及的各個角度進行管理，這些都是靜態的，所以，我們還有必要從一種互動的角度出發來進行管理，也就是說還要仔細考查這些組件之間如何互動，組件和企業如何互動。

⑧ 求保險投資的英文論文和中文翻譯

保險投資管理研究/Insurance Investment Management

中文關鍵詞 保險投資 投資方式選擇 投資階段選擇 投資風險控制
英文關鍵詞 insurance investment choice of investment mold choice of investment stages investment risk control

摘要隨著保險市場競爭的日趨加劇，投資收益已經成為保險公司最為主要的利潤來源，是保險公司償付能力額度增強的重要手段、是保險險種產品創新的重要推動力量、是提高保險企業競爭優勢的關鍵舉措。因此，對保險投資管理研究極具重要性。從國際資本市場發展情況看，在資本市場的發展與完善以及資本市場和保險投資管制的放鬆因素驅動的推動下，美國、日本的保險投資得到了大力的發展。發達國家保險投主體模式組建主要有三種，其一是，公司內設投資機構運作模式；其二是，委託專業的投資機構運作模式；其三是，投資管理公司運作模式。 從我國的具體發展情況看，我國保險投資起始於1984年。20世紀90年代，由於保險市場的主體的增加，競爭的加劇，保險投資的現狀得到了一定的改善。進入新世紀後，我國保險投資開始逐步取得較好的成績。當前我國現有保險投資工具主要有：銀行存款；債券，主要包括國庫券、金融債券、企業債券；以及證券投資基金。當前，我國保險投資存在的主要問題是：第一，保險投資過分依賴於銀行存款、債券，加劇壽險公司的利率風險；第二，保險投資限制過多使保險費率居高不下，不僅增加被保險人的負擔，而且容易導致保險人的費率惡性競爭；第三，保險投資的限制影響了保險投資組合管理策略的實施；第四，保險投資的限制在一定程度上制約了我國保險監管方式由靜態監管向動態監管發展；第五，保險投資限制和資本市場的缺陷嚴重阻礙了保險投資資產負債管理方式的運用。因此，我國保險投資管理的重點是加強對保險投資方式選擇和相關的策略研究。在保險投資方式上，要根據我國的具體國情、保險歷史、法律環境情況，充分考慮本國經濟發展的現實，不能盲目地與發達國家接軌。此外，根據我國資本市場和保險市場的現狀，保險投資渠道必須積極穩妥的擴大，保險投資必須有步驟分階段地進行。在不同階段應該實施不同的保險投資重點。具體說來，保險投資第一階段的重點是，加大金融債券的投資力度，擴大企業債券的投資比例；投資於穩定的基礎設施參與住房金融業；從事住房抵押貸款；開展保單質押貸款業務。保險投資第二階段的重點要轉移是，提高證券投資基金的投資比例、設立證券投資保險基金或資產管理公司、保險資金直接入市保險資金投資於不動產。保險投資第三階段重點則要定位為，保險投資與國際接軌，實現投資的國際化。此外，保險投資管理還必須加強風險管理的策略研究，一方面，要加強對保險公司投資風險的宏觀監管，要建立現金流量測試模型，公司現金流量測試要由各保險公司的精算師獨立完成，對財務比率分析、風險資本要求等指標進行靜態監管。另一方面，要加強保險公司對投資風險的管理。保險公司加強保險投資主體模式建設，防範保險投資風險；保險公司應該以內控機制為基礎，加強投資風險的防範；保險公司應該將投資管理從傳統的財務管理中分離出來，實行專業化的基金管理；靈活運用現代證券投資組合理論，充分發揮投資組合分散投資風險的功能。

Abstract In company with more and more cutthroat competition in insurance market, investment yield became the uppermost source of profits, promoted as the important measure for solvency, acted as the force power of proct innovation, played as the key for improving the enterprise』s competitive edge. Thereby, investment management of insurance is very important work. In term of international capital market, America and Japan have made a great progress in investment management of insurance under a boost in perfect capital market and relaxing the control of investment management of insurance. The mode of investment in western countries had three patterns: section of a enterprise which contain the investment organization; entrusting the professional organization; investment administration organization. In term of national capital market, China first went about investment management of insurance in 1984. The situation of investment management of insurance improved e to the increasing insurance market subject and the intensifying competition from 1990』s. Nowadays, the development of investment management of insurance getting better and better progressively. The object of insurance investment involved the bank deposit and bond, which including treasury bill, financial bond, corporate bond and security investment fund. The insurance investment in china concerned with the following problems for the present. First, the insurance investment overly dependent upon the bank deposit and bond, which led to increasing interest rate risk of life insurance corporation. Second, the insurance investment overly regulated the rate of premium, which give rise to high rate of premium, piling the pressure on insurants and concting the cut throat competition among the insurers. Third, the regulation on the insurance investment affected executing the stratagem of portfolio management. Fourth, the regulation on the insurance investment restricted the mold of supervise developing dynamically. Fifth, the regulation on the insurance investment and the imperfect market restricted the mold of the assets and liabilities operation. The key of managing the insurance investment is how to selecting the mold of investment and correlated strategies. In aspect of the mold of investment, we should select the strategies which approached to inhabitant. According to our capital market and insurance market status, the insurance investment should widen the channel step by step. First, the investment section of financial bond and corporate bond should increase. Second, the investment section of security investment fund should increase. Third, the insurance investment should make international. Moreover, the insurance investment should pay attention to risk management, which including macro-supervise and micro-supervise.

什麼是保險投資
保險投資指保險企業在組織經濟補償過程中，將積聚的各種保險資金加以運用，使資金增值的活動。

保險企業可運用的保險資金是由資本金、各項准備金和其他可積聚的資金組成。運用暫時閑置的大量准備金是保險資金運動的重要一環。投資能增加收入、增強賠付能力，使保險資金進入良性循環。

[編輯]保險投資的原則
保險投資原則是保險投資的依據。早在1862年，英國經濟學家貝利（A.A.Bailey）就提出了壽險業投資的五大原則，即：安全性；最高的實際收益率；部分資金投資於能迅速變現的證券；另一部分資金可投資於不能迅速變現的證券；投資應有利於壽險事業的發展。

隨著資本主義經濟發展，金融工具的多樣化，以及保險業競爭的加劇，保險投資面臨的風險性、收益性也同時提高，投資方式的選擇范圍更加廣闊。1948年英國精算師佩格勒（J.B.Pegler）修正貝利的觀點，提出壽險投資的四大原則：獲得最高預期收益；投資應盡量分散；投資結構多樣化；投資應將經濟效益和社會效益並重。

理論界一般認為保險投資有三大原則：安全性；收益性；流動性。

1、安全性原則

保險企業可運用的資金，除資本金外，主要是各種保險准備金，它們是資產負債表上的負債項目，是保險信用的承擔者。因此，保險投資應以安全為第一條件。安全性，意味著資金能如期收回，利潤或利息能如數收回。為保證資金運用的安全，必須選擇安全性較高的項目。為減少風險，要分散投資。

2、收益性原則

保險投資的目的，是為了提高自身的經濟效益，使投資收入成為保險企業收入的重要來源，增強賠付能力，降低費率和擴大業務。但在投資中，收益與風險是同增的，收益率高，風險也大，這就要求保險投資，把風險限制在一定程度內，實現收益最大化。

3、流動性原則

保險資金用於賠償給付，受偶然規律支配。因此，要求保險投資在不損失價值的前提下，能把資產立即變為現金，支付賠款或給付保險金。保險投資要設計多種方式，尋求多種渠道，按適當比例投資，從量的方面加以限制。要按不同險種特點，選擇方向。如人壽保險一般是長期合同，保險金額給付也較固定，流動性要求可低一些。國外人壽保險資金投資的相當部分是長期的不動產抵押貸款。財產險和責任險，一般是短期的，理賠迅速，賠付率變動大，應特別強調流動性原則。國外財產和責任保險資金投資的相當部分是商業票據、短期債券等。

在我國，保險公司的資金運用必須穩健，遵循安全性原則，並保證資產的保值增值。

[編輯]保險投資的形式
保險投資的形式是保險公司保險資金投放在哪些具體項目上。合理的投資形式，一方面可以保持保險企業財務穩定性和賠付的可靠性、及時性；另一方面可以避免資金的過份集中從而影響產業結構的合理性。

一般而言，保險資金可以投資於：

1、有價證券

有價證券主要有二種：

1）債券。包括政府債券、公司債券和金融債券等。一般地說，投資債券風險較小，尤其是政府債券。投資公司債券時，要特別注重該公司的資信和收益的可靠性。

2）股票。投資股票是有風險的，如果企業經營不善，效益不好，預期利息減少，以及影響股市的其他因素不佳，股票就會跌價。在國外對保險企業投資股票都有多種限制，如日本政府保險業法中規定購買股票不得超過總資產的30％。

2、抵押貸款

抵押貸款是指期限較長又較穩定的業務，特別適合壽險資金的長期運用。世界各國保險企業對住宅樓實行長期抵押貸款，大都採用分期償還、本金遞減的方式，收益較好。

3、壽險保單貸款

壽險保單具有現金價值。保險合同規定，保單持有人可以本人保單抵押向保險企業申請貸款，但需負擔利息，這種貸款屬保險投資性質。保單貸款金額限於保單當時的價值，貸款人不用償貸款，保單會失效，保險企業無需給付保險金。

實際上，在這種貸款中保險人不擔任何風險。在壽險發達國家，此項業務十分普遍。

4、不動產投資

不動產投資是指保險資金用於購買土地、房屋等不動產。此項投資的變現性較差，故只能限制在一定的比例之內。日本對保險企業購買不動產，規定不得超過其總資產的10％。

5、向為保險配套服務的企業投資

比如為保險汽車提供修理服務的汽車修理廠；為保險事故賠償服務的公證行或查勘公司等。這些企業與保險事業相關，把保險資金投向於這些企業，有利於保險事業的發展。

在我國，保險公司的資金運用，限於銀行存款、買賣政府債券、金融債券和國務院規定的其他資金運用等形式。並且特別明確規定，保險公司的資金不得用於設立證券經營機構和向企業投資。

⑨ 投資組合管理是風險轉移么

是的，利用組合對沖非系統性風險。分散分風險。

⑩ 投資組合管理（投資學）的幾個計算題，求幫忙做一下，要有過程

然後下樓給我買兩瓶二鍋頭，買點芥末油。